Military’s all domain warfare shift gives birth to endless acronyms
A boon for defense industry and contractors
Multi-domain operations are the latest organizing principle for the Army, which uses the term it first introduced in 2017, doggedly bucking the rest of the military. They tend to use the term joint domain, which is the basis for what they call Joint All-Domain Operations, part of the overall Joint Warfighting Concept. It’s a battle of MDO vs. JADO and JWC, with a load of joint acronyms in reserve to win the battle for acronymic superiority – CJADC2, FOJC, JADC2, JOAC and on.
“The liberal use of acronyms and other means of obfuscation does have the advantage of making sometimes pedestrian material appear rather erudite in that it becomes more difficult to comprehend,” the great Norman Augustine said in Augustine’s Laws, written in 1982. As the former Lockheed chairman said in Law Number V, with no more than 14 million possible combinations of five letters or fewer existing in the English alphabet, eventually the Pentagon would run out of acronyms. Of course it hasn’t, reenlisting wounded acronyms with reckless abandon and adding numbers to expand the acronym army.
(By the way, writing 40 years ago, Augustine warned of the acronym gap, given that the Russians had 32 letters in their alphabet – and China had 14,000 characters – a simple calculation that has yielded the ultimate enemy, which it is today. Augustine also warned in Law Number IV, the law of making precise guesses, that specificity was the enemy of all. His anecdote: A geology professor is at a dig site and says that the fossils he is examining are two million and two years old. When students incredulously ask how he can be so specific, he answers that it is simple because two years earlier another group estimated that the fossils were two million years old.)
So, according to the acronyms, this is precisely how future war will be fought:
All-Domain Operations Center (ADOC)
Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC)
Battle Management Command, Control and Communications (BMC3)
Capstone Concept for Joint Operations (CCJO)
Combined Joint All-Domain C2 (CJADC2)
Cross Domain Solution Authorization (CDSA)
Future Oriented Family of Joint Concepts (FOJC)
Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2)
Joint All-Domain Operations (JADO)
Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JISR)
Joint Maritime Operations (JMO)
Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC)
Joint Operating Environment (JOE)
Joint Warfighting Concept (JWC)
Large Scale Combat Operations (LSCO)
Multi-Domain Activities (MDA)
Multi-Domain Command & Control (MDC2)
Multi Domain Intelligence (MDI)
Multi-Domain Joint Operation (MDJO)
Multi-Domain Operations (MDO)
Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF)
Multi-Source Correlation System (MSCS)
Rapid Defense Experimentation Reserve (RDER)
Army’s Field Manual (FM) Operations dated October 1, 2022: “Multi-Domain Operations are the combined arms employment of joint and Army capabilities to create and exploit relative advantages that achieve objectives, defeat enemy forces, and consolidate gains on behalf of joint force commanders. Employing Army and joint capabilities makes use of all available combat power from each domain to accomplish missions at least cost.”
The Fifth Edition of the Overarching Insights and Best Practices Paper on “Joint Operations” dated November 2017 stated that: “future conflict will likely be transregional, multidomain, and multifunctional. This is a marked shift from the more regionally-focused conflicts in the past. Our adversaries are opportunistic; tomorrow’s conflicts may quickly escalate across geographic boundaries, domains, and functions; we are moving away from a strictly regional orientation.”
The term multi-domain multi-domain operations (MDO) as a term was first used by the Army in 2018. Army Training and Doctrine Command defined MDO as “how the U.S. Army, as part of the joint force, can counter and defeat a near-peer adversary capable of contesting the U.S. in all domains, in both competition and armed conflict. The concept describes how U.S. ground forces, as part of the joint and multinational team, deters adversaries and defeats highly capable near-peer enemies in the 2025–2050 timeframe.”
A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Army and the Air Force relating to something called Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2), which morphed (or simultaneously grew as) Joint-All Domain Operations (JADO). JADO asserts that prevailing in the next war will require rapidly integrating effects across all domains – land, sea, air, space and cyberspace – to present adversaries with multiple, simultaneous dilemmas.
The means to conduct MDO and JADO is Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2). The Defense Department, in its, Summary of the Joint All-Domain Command & Control (JADC2) Strategy, March 2022, says: “JADC2 provides a coherent approach for shaping future Joint Force C2 capabilities and is intended to produce the warfighting capability to sense, make sense, and act at all levels and phases of war, across all domains, and with partners, to deliver information advantage at the speed of relevance. As an approach, JADC2 transcends any single capability, platform, or system; it provides an opportunity to accelerate the implementation of needed technological advancement and doctrinal change in the way the Joint Force conducts C2. JADC2 will enable the Joint Force to use increasing volumes of data, employ automation and AI, rely upon a secure and resilient infrastructure, and act inside an adversary's decision cycle.”
This is, of course, the shortest possible precis of future warfare, the concepts as much to pull the military out of the Middle East (and now Africa) and the perpetual war against terror. As I previously wrote about the impact of the war in Ukraine, none of this yet considers Russia’s loss, but it sure does drive billions in contracts to define, shape, model, experiment with, and practice the latest transformation. Look up the acronyms.
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